Medical History and Physical Examination
A comprehensive medical history and physical examination provide valuable insights into potential factors contributing to infertility. This initial assessment includes:
- Past Illnesses and Surgeries: Understanding any medical conditions or surgical procedures that might affect fertility.
- Lifestyle Habits: Evaluating habits such as smoking, alcohol consumption, and exercise that can influence reproductive health.
- Reproductive Health: Reviewing menstrual cycles, sexual health, and any previous pregnancies or miscarriages.
Semen Analysis (for Men)
A semen analysis is a fundamental test for evaluating male fertility. It assesses:
- Sperm Quantity: Measuring the number of sperm present in the ejaculate.
- Sperm Quality: Examining the shape (morphology) and movement (motility) of the sperm.
- Identifying Issues: Detecting problems such as low sperm count, abnormal sperm morphology, or poor sperm motility.
Ovulation Testing (for Women)
Ovulation testing involves tracking changes in hormone levels to determine if a woman is ovulating regularly. Methods include:
- Basal Body Temperature Charting: Monitoring daily temperature changes to identify ovulation patterns.
- Ovulation Predictor Kits: Testing urine for luteinizing hormone (LH) surges that precede ovulation.
- Blood Tests: Measuring hormone levels such as LH and progesterone during the menstrual cycle.
Hysterosalpingography (HSG) (for Women)
HSG is a specialized X-ray procedure used to evaluate the uterus and fallopian tubes. This test involves:
- Contrast Dye Injection: Injecting a dye into the uterus to visualize its structure and the fallopian tubes.
- X-ray Imaging: Taking images to detect abnormalities, blockages, or structural issues affecting fertility.
Transvaginal Ultrasound (for Women)
Transvaginal ultrasound provides a detailed examination of the pelvic organs. It helps in:
- Pelvic Organs Examination: Visualizing the uterus, ovaries, and fallopian tubes.
- Detecting Abnormalities: Identifying ovarian cysts, fibroids, or polyps that may impact fertility.
Hormone Testing (for Both Men and Women)
Blood tests assess hormone levels related to reproductive function. Key hormones tested include:
- Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH) and Luteinizing Hormone (LH): Indicators of ovarian reserve and ovulation in women.
- Estradiol and Progesterone: Assessing ovarian function in women.
- Thyroid Hormones and Testosterone: Evaluating overall endocrine function in both men and women.
- Detecting Imbalances: Identifying hormonal issues that could affect fertility.
Postcoital Test (PCT) (for Women)
The PCT, or sperm-cervical mucus interaction test, evaluates:
- Sperm Motility and Function: Assessing the quality and quantity of sperm in a woman's cervical mucus after intercourse.
Genetic Testing
Genetic testing may be recommended to identify inherited conditions or chromosomal abnormalities. This includes testing for:
- Inherited Conditions: Disorders such as cystic fibrosis, Turner syndrome, or Klinefelter syndrome.
Laparoscopy (for Women)
Laparoscopy is a minimally invasive surgical procedure used to examine the pelvic organs. It helps in:
- Visual Examination: Identifying abnormalities such as endometriosis, adhesions, or pelvic inflammatory disease.
Endometrial Biopsy (for Women)
An endometrial biopsy involves collecting a small sample of the uterine lining to:
- Evaluate Endometrial Receptivity: Assessing the uterine lining’s readiness for embryo implantation.
- Diagnose Conditions: Identifying issues such as endometritis or luteal phase defects.
Conclusion
These diagnostic tests are often performed in conjunction with one another to provide a comprehensive evaluation of both male and female reproductive health. At Bliss IVF, we use the results to develop personalized treatment plans, addressing underlying issues and improving the chances of conception. Our goal is to offer the most effective and compassionate care to help you achieve your dream of parenthood.
